UNDERTSTANDING DIFFERENT DIETS

With increasing awareness towards fitness and health, the fitness experts have come up with a variety of diets. We have numerous diets to follow these days some are to lose weight, some to gain weight, some for lowering hypertension or high cholesterol and many more.

Through this literature, let’s have a quick look at the do’s and don’ts of some popular diets practised across the globe.

 1.DASH (DIETARY APPROACHES TO STOP HYPERTENSION) DIET

 

This popular diet has an approach of healthy eating and recommended especially to treat hypertension or high blood pressure. It also reduces the risk of developing heart diseases and promotes weight loss and overall health. Special consideration is given to nutrients like sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium so as to combat high blood pressure.

FOODS ALLOWED	FOODS TO BE AVOIDED
Whole wheat, oats, quinoa, broken wheat, brown rice (6-8 servings per day)	Refined or maida based products
All vegetables (4-5 servings per day)	High fat dairy products
All fruits (4-5 servings per day)	Processed meat
Low fat dairy products (2-3 servings per day)	Limit foods that are high in saturated fats, trans fats
Lean chicken, fish and egg whites (6 servings or less per day)	Limit sugar sweetened beverages and foods and junk foods
Legumes, nuts and seeds (4-5 servings per week)	Artificial Sweeteners like aspartame, saccharine, sucralose, etc.
Vegetables oils, low fat mayonnaise and light salad dressing (2-3 servings per day)	Excess salt intake through pickles, chutneys, sauces and added salt
Added sugars (5 servings or less per week)
Natural sweeteners like Stevia
Salt intake (5-6 grams per day)

 2.PALEO DIET

This diet emphasises on consuming fish, poultry, vegetables, fruits, nuts and oils. It eliminates dairy products and sugar intake. The only sugar is in the form of fruits which are naturally sweet. Some researchers say that the Paleo diet might be beneficial for people with type 2 diabetes.

FOODS ALLOWED	FOODS TO BE AVOIDED
All Fruits	All Grains
All Vegetables	Legumes, peas, beans and lentils
Nuts and seeds	Trans fats
Lean meat and chicken (grass fed not grain fed)	Added sugar
Seafood	Milk and milk products
Olive Oil, coconut oil and avocado oil	Soybean oil, sunflower oil, corn oil and safflower oil
Whole eggs	Processed foods
Natural sweeteners like Stevia	Artificial Sweeteners like aspartame, saccharine, sucralose, etc.
Sweet potatoes	Alcohol
Salt and spices
Green tea, coffee and more

 3.MEDITERRANEAN DIET

 

A traditional Mediterranean diet includes whole grains, legumes, ample fresh fruits and vegetables, nuts with a moderate amount of dairy, seafood and red wine. This diet is based on the foods consumed in countries like Italy and Greece. People follow this diet for weight loss and overall wellness.

FOODS ALLOWED	FOODS TO BE AVOIDED
Whole grains	Refined grains
All Vegetables	Processed meat
Nuts and seeds	Trans fats
Dairy foods in moderation	Added sugar
Seafood (twice a week)	Processed foods
Olive Oil, coconut oil and avocado oil	Soybean oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, canola oil and safflower oil
All fruits
Egg white and poultry in moderation
Herbs and spices
Red wine (1 glass per day)
Tea and coffee without sugar

 4.ATKINS DIET 

This diet is popular among people aiming to lose weight. It was devised by Dr Robert C Atkins, who believed that a person can lose weight by eating a diet high in protein and fat but low in carbohydrate. Atkins diet is usually followed in 4 phases. The first phase is called the induction phase in which diet is rich in proteins and fats while carbohydrate intake is reduced to less than 20 grams per day for 2 weeks. In the second phase, a little amount of carbohydrate is introduced in the diet through nuts and low-carb vegetables. This phase is again practised for 2 weeks and carb intake is increased to 25-30 grams per day. The third phase is termed as pre-maintenance in which a person increases the carbohydrate intake additionally by 10 grams. And the last is lifetime maintenance phase which involves the addition of other carbohydrate-rich sources in the diet gradually. 

FOODS ALLOWED	FOODS TO BE AVOIDED
Meat, poultry, fish and eggs	Sugar based foods and beverages
Low carb vegetables like broccoli, peas, cucumber, zucchini and green leafy vegetables	Cereals like wheat, bajra, rye, oats, jowar, rice, etc.
Full fat milk and milk products	Breads, pastas, chips, cookies, etc.
Nuts and seeds	Roots and tubers like potato, sweet potato, yams, carrots, etc.
Fats like sunflower oil, avocado oil, olive oil, mustard oil, etc.	High carb fruits like pineapple, mango, cheeku, grapes, litchi, etc.
Butter	Beans, chickpeas and millets
Green tea and coffee	Vegetable oils like corn oil, soybean oil, etc.
Avocados	Alcohol

 5.GM (GENERAL MOTORS) DIET

This diet was created for the employees of General Motors in 1985. GM diet has specific food options designated for 7 days. A  person everyday needs to consume plenty of water in order to flush out all the toxins. GM diet is followed by people looking to shed some extra pounds.

Day 1 - On the first day, the person is allowed to eat only fruits for the entire day. Apart from fruits, no other foods from other food groups are allowed.

Day 2 - On the second day, consumption of only vegetables are allowed in either raw or cooked form.

Day 3 - Third day allows the combination of fruits and vegetables.

Day 4 - On this day, a dieter is allowed to consume only milk and banana. Maximum  of 6 large bananas are allowed

Day 5 - This day feels like a feast when a dieter is allowed to have a bowl of rice with cottage cheese. Non-vegetarians can include a lean protein source like chicken breast or fish. They are also required to consume 6 large tomatoes.

 Day 6 - This day is almost similar to Day 5, where a person can consume a plenty of vegetables with rice. Chicken, fish or cottage cheese are also allowed.

 Day 7 - On the last day of this diet, a person can consume fresh fruit juices. Other options allowed are fruits, vegetables and brown rice. Alcohol, tea and coffee are completely eliminated.

 6.KETOGENIC DIET

The word ketogenic has been derived from ketones, which are produced when our body derives energy from a non-carbohydrate source. This diet also involves increased intake of proteins and fats with little or no intake of carbohydrates. The only difference between Atkins and Keto is that Atkins diet involves a gradual introduction of carbohydrates in phases. But if a person is on a keto diet then he/she needs to avoid carbs all the times. Both the diets are popular among weight loss category.

7.GLUTEN-FREE DIET

 As the name says, this diet involves exclusion of gluten protein. So a person needs to avoid all the grains which contain gluten. A gluten-free diet is helpful for people who are gluten-intolerant, allergic to wheat, suffer from celiac disease and other gluten-related diseases.

FOODS ALLOWED	FOODS TO BE AVOIDED
All fruits	Wheat and bran
All vegetables	Barley
Nuts and seeds	Rye
Low fat dairy products	Triticale
Eggs, chicken, meat and fish	Wheat products like bread, pasta, malt, noodles, cakes, cookies, biscuits, etc.
Grains like amaranth, rice, maize, corn, sorghum, buckwheat, arrowroot, quinoa, oats, soy, gluten free millets, etc.	Alcohol
Gluten-free breakfast cereals	Semolina (suji)
Potato	Sauces and seasonings containing gluten
Lentils	Malt products

 8.VEGAN DIET

A vegan diet is completely plant-based. Vegan people do not consume any animal-based product like eggs, meat, seafood, chicken, milk and milk products. The diet only consists of vegetables, fruits, cereals, pulses, nuts, soy products, oils and seeds.

FOODS ALLOWED	FOODS TO BE AVOIDED
All fruits	Poultry and meat
All vegetables	Milk, cheese, paneer, curd, yogurt, etc.
Nuts and seeds	Honey
Soy products like soy milk, tofu and soy flour	Eggs
All grains	Seafood
All pulses	Gelatin
Oils	Ghee
Yeast and algae	Any product with the above mentioned ingredients

 

9.TLC (THERAPEUTIC LIFESTYLE CHANGING) DIET

 

This heart-friendly diet is followed to reduce bad blood cholesterol levels and lose weight. The focus is given on the consumption of fat. Total calories provided by dietary fat intake should be between 25-35%, including less than 7% of calories coming from saturated fats. Dieter is advised to avoid trans fat and excess saturated fat intake.

FOODS ALLOWED	FOODS TO BE AVOIDED
All fruits	Excess egg yolk
All vegetables	Butter, cheese, cream and mayonnaise
Nuts and seeds	Packaged foods like cakes, chips, cookies, donuts, etc.
Soy products like soy milk, tofu and soy flour	Processed meat
All grains	Shellfish
All pulses	Artificial sweeteners. Use stevia instead
Oils like refined oils, olive oil, etc.	Sugary foods and beverages
Lean chicken, eggs (only 2 yolks per week)
Seafood
Low fat milk and milk products

 10. SOUTH BEACH DIET 

This low-carb diet is popular for losing weight and maintaining a healthy heart. It was created by a cardiologist - Dr Arthur Agatston. South Beach diet is followed in three different phases

Phase 1-  This phase lasts for 14 days. A person needs to avoid all high-carbohydrate based foods like grains and fruits. Foods allowed are lean proteins, low carb fruits, non- starchy veggies, nuts and oils.

Phase 2 - This phase starts on the 15th day and can be followed until the target weight is achieved. In this phase whole grains are allowed in addition to phase 1 foods.

Phase 3 -  Once the target weight is achieved, the third phase which is the maintenance phase begins. The person is allowed to consume all foods wisely and avoid over-indulging.

CONCLUSION

 To conclude, it is clearly visible that each diet has its own specifications, hence pros and cons. It is always better to lose and maintain weight by following a healthy well-balanced diet along with a proper exercise schedule and rest. This makes it easy for us to follow then for a long term without any adverse effects and treat our taste buds occasionally. In case the person is planning to follow any specific diet, it is wise to take an expert opinion before, especially during any medical condition.